Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: Regenerating myofiber with activating of TGF-β signaling contributes to macrophage efferocytosis through enhancing Tregs response in inflamed muscle
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1810106
Figure Lengend Snippet: Muscle TGF-β signaling prompts to Tregs-mediated macrophage efferocytosis by suppressing myofiber IL-6 production. (A) Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis show IL-6 and p-STAT3 expression in inflamed muscle ( n = 3). (B) Western blot analysis of IL-6 and p-STAT3 protein levels in control or SM TGF-βr2 -/- MPC-myotubes cultured in pro-inflammatory milieu, with or without SRI administration ( n = 3). (C) FACS analysis of the proportion of CD25 + p-STAT3 + cells and CD25 + gp130 + cells in inflamed muscle ( n = 4). (D) FACS analysis of the proportion of CD25 + Foxp3 + cells and CD25 + IL-13 + cells in Tregs co-cultured with TGF-βr2 -/- or control-MPC-myotubes, treated with or without AH or SRI ( n = 3). (E) qRT-PCR analysis of Foxp3 and IL-13 mRNA levels in Tregs co-cultured with TGF-βr2 -/- or control-MPC-myotubes, treated with or without AH or SRI ( n = 3). Multiple comparisons are analyzed by One-way ANOVA. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Scale bar=50 μm. ns, not significant.
Article Snippet: Skeletal muscle-specific TGF-β receptor 2 knockout mice (referred to as SM TGF-βr2 −/− ) were generated by crossing MCK-Cre mice (The Jackson Laboratory) with floxed TGF-βr2 mice (TGF-βr2 flox/flox , The Jackson Laboratory).
Techniques: Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Control, Cell Culture, Quantitative RT-PCR